Photovoltaic
Photovoltaic technology (PV) allows the direct conversion of sunlight into electricity using solar cells. Due to the growing demand for clean energy sources, production of solar cells and solar modules increased rapidly in recent years.
The PV production is doubling every two years, thus constituting the world's fastest growing energy technology. Roughly 90% of the installed PV systems are interconnected with the network and is either facilities on the ground or for systems installed on roofs or facades of buildings, namely the so-called integrated photovoltaic in buildings (Building Integrated Photovoltaic - BIPV).
Photovoltaic are one method of production of electricity using solar cells, which are bundled and set up solar panels. The P V modules are connected to multiple photovoltaic arrays (arrays), creating a solar system. In the photovoltaic effect, photons from sunlight stimulate the electrons in the solar energy at a higher level, creating an electrical voltage. With proper wiring generated electricity. Solar cells produce direct current, which can be used to power equipment or to charge the battery.
The first practical application of the photovoltaic effect was made for the electric power feeding satellites, but nowadays the majority of
solar panels used to generate electricity in interconnected systems .In this case requires an inverter for converting direct current into alternating.
According to estimates by the European Photovoltaic Industry Association (European Photovoltaic Industry Association - EPIA) in 2030 will be produced worldwide around 2,600 TWh of electricity from PV systems. This means that, provided that there is a serious commitment to energy efficiency in a few years will be produced globally enough electricity to meet the needs of 14% of world population.
Financial incentives such as special sale price of produced kWh (feed-in tariff) and the subsidies of the F / V systems, have given impetus to the P / V installations in many countries, among them Germany, Spain, Italy and in recent years and Greece.
For the manufacture of photovoltaic cells can be used various materials. But mostly used crystalline silicon. The main types of PV cells are as follows:
* Cells monocrystalline silicon
* Thin-film technology (Thin film)
The electro-connected solar cells are a photovoltaic panel (also known as photovoltaic generator). The PV within mono-and polycrystalline silicon is the most popular for small and large systems. The PV thin film used increasingly because of their low cost. Different types of solar cells perform differently.
The following table gives an overview.
Material photovoltaic cell . Photovoltaic cell performance
Monocrystalline silicon 11-16%
Polycrystalline silicon (Cells EFG) 10-14%
Polycrystalline cells 8-10%
Thin films such as diselino-indiouchos copper, teleroudioucho cadmium, etc. teleroudioucho 6-10%
Amorphous Silicon 4-7%
Photovoltaic layout
The solar cells are grouped appropriately and set up solar panels or generators, formal power from 20W to 300W. The F / V modules are connected electrically between each other and photovoltaic arrays are created.
Structure of a photovoltaic system
The photovoltaic system consists of a number of components or subsystems:(A) The photovoltaic panel with mechanical support and possibly a system for monitoring the solar orbit.
(B) Batteries (storage subsystem).
(C) The definition of power and control unit that includes caring for measurement and observation.
(D) Emergency generator. The choice of how and which of these items completed within the system depends on various estimates.
Distinction Photovoltaic systems
There are two main types of systems, grid-connected and autonomous.
The simplest form of the second of the two consists simply of a photovoltaic generator, which produces electricity whenever there is sufficient sunlight. This type of system is common in applications pumping. Also there is the capability of the autonomous system with a battery to store energy produced during sunlight. They often include a battery charge regulator, as the case requires alternating current to leave the system. In some cases, the system includes a backup generator.
Uses
The electricity produced by photovoltaic used to give energy to a device or charge the battery. This technology is widely used in microprocessors pocket operate without a battery, simply by exposure to light.
The solar arrays are often used to produce energy on a large scale. In such a format used to provide power to satellites and spacecraft, but in simpler applications, such as the giving energy to the remote emergency phones on highways, homes, etc.
Many countries have initiated programs to subsidize investments in solar panels that generate electricity sold and placed on public transport networks. These programs are designed to vary the power and phase dependence on oil.
Fixed mounting - Detection Systems
A major problem facing the designer of a device is to be affixed the basic units, whether secured in fixed positions or orientations will follow (trace) the movement of the sun.
Most provisions of the basic units are mounted in a fixed ramp to the front to the equator. This has the virtue of simplicity, that no moving part and low cost. H optimal angle depends mainly on the latitude, the proportion of diffuse radiation in the location and type of cargo.
Fastening the device on a system with two axes tracking sun, can be picked up to 30% more solar energy during a year, compared with the installation of fixed slope. But this increases complexity and results in more maintenance. The single-axis monitoring (tracking) is less complex but has a smaller profit.
The orientation can be adjusted manually, where labor supply is available,increasing thus any benefits. It has been estimated that in sunny climates with a provision moving flat plate that is suitable arrangement to be directed towards the sun twice a day and takes the appropriate slope four times a year, can capture 95% of the energy collected by a Two axes tracking system fully automated.
Applications Photovoltaic systems for blocks of flats, hotels, buildings, etc.
With minimal cost and immeasurable benefit to the owners.
Many design proposals from our company for the elegance of the property.
Make Your Home an Energy Home!
Forgetting direct costs of electricity.
Apply to every type of home.
Specific power units with solar systems and special structures holding the space for other uses such as storage area beneath the roof, creating a closed parking,
Photovoltaic power system, covering the needs of Lighthouses.
Photovoltaic power system for meeting needs, mobile phone antennas.
The solar panels under house GERMAN SOLAR - GERMANY accompanied by the following certificates:
Exceeded the directive ESTI / SPRA CEC - specification 503 IEC1215 / TYV Rheinland Germany. GIS, Japanese Industrial Standard. IEC1215, University of port Elizabeth. DIN VDE Schutzklasse II UL1703, US Standard for Safety.
